中国煤型镓矿床特征、成因及资源潜力Characteristics, Genesis and Resource Potential of Gallium-Enriched Coal Deposits in China
曾招阳
摘要(Abstract):
镓属于国家限制出口的关键金属,而我国煤层是其重要赋存介质之一。成矿高峰集中在两个期次:北方石炭纪—二叠纪含煤岩系和南方晚二叠世高铝含煤岩系;西北侏罗纪、东北白垩纪局部层段亦见异常富集。普通煤的镓含量为2~20μg/g,富集带则达30~170μg/g。华北准格尔黑岱沟-官板乌素-哈尔乌素和大青山阿刀亥-海柳树构成世界罕见的超大型镓矿集,扬子西南沐川及滇黔桂地区的宣威组、合山组亦多具超工业品位。镓以类质同像方式进入勃姆石和硬水铝石,少量赋存于高岭石及有机质,其中勃姆石含量决定品位高低。玄武岩-碳酸盐岩风化供源、火山灰黏土层输入及弱碱性盆地沉积分异共同促成富集。预测显示,仅北方石炭纪—二叠纪和滇黔桂晚二叠世含铝煤即可提供数万至数十万吨镓,具备形成多处超大型矿床的潜力,为后续找矿与资源综合利用指明了方向。
关键词(KeyWords): 煤型镓矿床;成因;富集机理;资源潜力
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2902005、2023YFC2906405)
作者(Author): 曾招阳
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